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Rhetoric & FiguresIntermediate

Apostrophe

Direct address to an absent, dead, abstract, or nonhuman addressee.

Principle

Address can make absence theatrically present.

Takeaways

  • It turns lyric or rhetorical pressure outward.
  • The addressee need not be able to answer.
  • It can heighten grief, praise, accusation, or invocation.

Overview

Apostrophe occurs when a speaker turns to address someone or something not literally present or responsive. It is common in poetry, drama, prayer, elegy, and heightened prose.

Examples

  • O memory, leave the room for once.
  • A mourner speaks directly to the dead child.

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